Antibodies to desmoglein 1
5 days Please note that independent interpretation of test results is not advisable. The information provided below is for reference purposes only.
Anti-Desmoglein 1 Antibodies (Anti-DSG1) are autoantibodies that target desmoglein proteins—essential components of desmosomes, which are structures that maintain the cohesion of epithelial cells in the skin and mucous membranes. These antibodies serve as diagnostic markers in pemphigus foliaceus.
Role of Desmoglein 1
Desmoglein 1 is a transmembrane glycoprotein from the cadherin family, which binds calcium and plays an essential role in the structure of desmosomes in epithelial cells. It contributes to intercellular adhesion and the maintenance of the epidermal barrier function. Desmoglein 1 is predominantly expressed in the superficial layers of the epidermis and is crucial for the cohesion of keratinocytes in the stratum corneum.
Table 1: Structure and Functions of Desmoglein 1 (DSG1)
| Component | Description |
|---|---|
| Protein |
|
| Function |
|
Role of Antibodies Against Desmoglein 1
Antibodies against desmoglein 1 (Anti-DSG1) destroy intercellular connections in the upper layers of the epidermis, leading to loss of adhesion between cells (acantholysis).
Mechanism of action: these antibodies target the extracellular domain of desmoglein 1, blocking its function and causing the formation of blisters and erosions on the skin.
Elevated Anti-DSG1 levels indicate an autoimmune process, most commonly associated with pemphigus foliaceus. Additionally, desmoglein 1 is a target for exotoxins A and B produced by Staphylococcus aureus, which contribute to the pathogenesis of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS).
Indications for the Test:
Testing for anti-desmoglein 1 antibodies (Anti-DSG1) is indicated in the following situations:
- Suspected autoimmune skin diseases
- Differential diagnosis of pemphigus
- Monitoring disease activity and treatment efficacy
- Detection of relapses
The interpretation of Anti-DSG1 test results must be performed by a qualified medical professional, taking into account the clinical context and other laboratory data.
Preparation for the Test:
For the blood test to determine the level of Anti-DSG1 antibodies, no special preparation is usually required. However, the following recommendations should be followed:
- Diet: Avoid fatty foods and alcohol 24 hours before testing
- Physical activity: Avoid intense physical exertion the day before sampling, as it may temporarily affect blood parameters
- Smoking: Refrain from smoking 30 minutes prior to testing, as it can influence certain blood values
- Hydration: Ensure proper hydration to facilitate blood draw
- Medications: Consult your doctor about possibly stopping immunosuppressants or other drugs that may affect test results
Sample Collection Procedure:
To determine Anti-DSG1 levels, a venous blood sample sample is required. The procedure is performed by a healthcare professional and takes only a few minutes. Mild bleeding or a small hematoma may appear after the collection, which usually resolves within a few days.
Test Description:
- Test type: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which detects IgG class antibodies against desmoglein 1
- Biological material: Venous blood
- Purpose: Identification of autoantibodies that target desmoglein 1, compromising intercellular adhesion in the skin
Measuring Anti-DSG1 levels plays a major role in diagnosing autoimmune skin conditions and guiding appropriate treatment decisions.
Sources:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
https://dermatovenerologie.usmf.md/
IMPORTANT!
Please note that the information in this section is not intended for self-diagnosis or treatment. If you are experiencing pain or worsening of a condition, it is essential to consult a doctor to schedule diagnostic investigations. Only a qualified specialist can provide an accurate diagnosis and determine the appropriate treatment.
For the most consistent and accurate evaluation of test results, it is recommended to perform all tests in the same laboratory. This is because different laboratories may use varying methods and units of measurement for the same analyses.
