The Human Microbiome: An Invisible Ecosystem Shaping Biological Balance

For many years, microorganisms that naturally inhabit the human body and participate in immune regulation were primarily regarded as a potential threat. Modern medicine has significantly expanded this understanding: today, the microbiome is recognized as a complex, highly organized biological system. It consists of trillions of microorganisms inhabiting the gut, mucosal surfaces, and skin. These microorganisms are involved in key physiological processes, while their metabolic products (metabolites) shape individual characteristics of metabolism and immune response.

The functional state of the microbiome directly depends on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiota. The intestinal microbiota plays an essential role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, as well as in the synthesis of B-group vitamins and vitamin K, which support the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Interaction with the microbiota begins in the first weeks of life and influences the development of immune tolerance and antigen reactivity. Differences in microbiota composition may be associated with metabolic rate, insulin sensitivity, and the efficiency of energy extraction from food. These mechanisms are considered among the factors involved in the development of metabolic syndrome, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

For this reason, laboratory assessment of the microbiota represents the first and key step in the diagnosis of microbiome-associated disorders. Microbiota analyses allow the identification of deviations that may underlie metabolic, immune, and inflammatory processes.

At Invitro Diagnostics, modern molecular methods are employed, enabling the transition from a general understanding of the microbiota to personalized diagnostics of the body’s key biotopes.

To assess intestinal microbiota in children, the Enteroflor test “Intestinal Microbiota in Children Aged 0–14 Years” is performed - a highly sensitive molecular assay based on quantitative PCR. The test enables identification of major microbial groups, assessment of microbiota diversity, and detection of microbial imbalance that may have clinical significance at early stages.

Assessment of the female and male urogenital tract microbiota is carried out using the following tests:

FEMOFLOR® complex - an analysis that evaluates the balance of normal microbiota, identifies conditionally pathogenic flora, and characterizes the ecological balance of the microbiocenosis.

ANDROFLOR® complex - a test that determines total bacterial mass, the ratio of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms, and identifies the main pathogens responsible for urogenital infections and sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

The use of these tests allows the microbiome to be viewed as a measurable indicator of functional health and supports the development of individualized preventive and diagnostic strategies aimed at maintaining biological balance.

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