Oncology is the medical specialty dedicated to the study, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cancer. It deals with a wide range of oncological conditions and uses advanced diagnostic and treatment methods to manage and treat various types of tumors. The central role in this complex process is held by the oncologist, the specialist who coordinates the entire therapeutic strategy for cancer patients.

The Role of the Oncologist

The oncologist is a medical professional specialized in the comprehensive evaluation of cancer patients, establishing an accurate diagnosis, and creating a personalized treatment plan. They collaborate with a multidisciplinary team — including surgeons, radiologists, pathologists, geneticists, and palliative care specialists — to provide the patient with the best possible chances of recovery. The oncologist also monitors treatment response and adjusts therapies based on worsening of your condition and the patient’s tolerance.

Diagnostic and Treatment Methods

1. Laboratory Tests:

   • Blood and urine tests: Evaluation of tumor markers and other biological parameters to detect the presence of cancer and assess the patient’s general condition.
   • Histological analysis: Examination of tissue samples from biopsies to confirm the presence and type of cancer. This is essential for determining the tumor's aggressiveness.

2. Imaging:

   • Computed Tomography (CT): Uses X-rays to create cross-sectional images of the body and assess the extent of tumors.
   • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Uses magnetic fields and radio waves to obtain detailed images of internal structures.
   • Positron Emission Tomography (PET): Uses radioactive substances to assess tumor metabolic activity and spread. PET scans are often combined with CT for increased precision.

3. Molecular and Genetic Testing:

   • Genetic tests: Identify mutations and other genetic changes associated with cancer, which may influence treatment and prognosis. Some cancers respond better to targeted therapies based on genetic profiling.
   • Biomarkers: Measure specific molecules in the blood or tissues that indicate the presence of cancer or the response to treatments.

Modern oncology emphasizes not only advanced technology but also a personalized approach to each case. Oncologists play a central role in the fight against cancer, contributing significantly to increased life expectancy and improved quality of life for patients.